The issue of transparence and liability for use of artificial intelligence in public administration

Jurisdoctoria 2025, nr 1, s. 1-23.

Współautorstwo: Rząca, Magdalena; Skwiecińska, Kalina

Cet article analyse les conséquences de l’utilisation croissante de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans l’administration publique, en mettant l’accent sur la transparence, la responsabilité et la protection des droits des citoyens. En s’appuyant sur le cadre juridique polonais, l’étude explore les usages actuels de l’IA dans la prise de décision administrative ainsi que les risques qui en découlent, notamment lorsque ces décisions sont opaques ou difficiles à contester. L’article souligne l’importance fondamentale de l’accès à l‘information publique, de la supervision efficace des autorités publiques, ainsi que de l’établissement de responsabilités claires dans les processus impliquant des systèmes d’IA. Il examine également les récentes évolutions réglementaires européennes, en particulier le règlement européen sur l’IA (AI Act), et met en lumière des outils tels que les évaluations d’impact algorithmique, susceptibles de renforcer la transparence. Les auteurs soutiennent qu’en l’absence de garanties solides et de législations nationales complémentaires, l’intégration de l’IA dans la gouvernance publique pourrait saper la confiance des citoyens et fragiliser les principes démocratiques fondamentaux.

This article examines the implications of the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration, with a particular focus on transparency, accountability, and the protection of citizens ’rights. Centered on the Polish legal framework, the study explores current applications of AI in administrative decision-making and the associated risks— especially when such decisions are opaque or difficult to contest. It underscores the critical importance of access to public information, effective oversight of public authorities, and the establishment of clear lines of accountability for AI-driven processes. The paper also evaluates recent European regulatory developments, notably the EU AI Act, and highlights mechanisms such as algorithmic impact assessments that can enhance transparency. The authors contend that, in the absence of robust safeguards and complementary national legislation, the integration of AI into public governance risks eroding public trust and undermining foundational democratic principles.

Intergovernmental Coordination in Crisis Governance : The Role of Pro-Defence Organizations in Polish and Lithuanian Responses to the Russia-Ukraine War

Ars æqui 2025, t. 15, nr 1, s. 29–35.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has reshaped the security environment of Eastern Europe and highlighted the importance of civil-military cooperation. This paper aims to identify how the Lithuanian government coordinates actions with pro-defence organizations with particular attention to the efficiency and effectiveness of such collaboration. The Lithuanian case will be compared with Polish regulations and practices in order to highlight similarities, differences, and potential gaps. The analysis then extends to the sphere of Polish-Lithuanian cooperation in defending the eastern border of the European Union and NATO, a frontline region of strategic importance. The ultimate goal is to find examples of good practices and patterns that can serve as models for effective functioning of state-civil society cooperation in crisis conditions. By combining Lithuanian and Polish experiences, the study contributes to a broader understanding of resilience-building in the face of hybrid threats and conventional military aggression.

Compensating the Social Harm of Illicit Trade by Social Reuse of Confiscated Assets : Opportunities and Side Constraints

Journal of Illicit Economies and Development 2025, t. 7, nr 1, s. 113–122.

Współautorstwo: Bernardini, Lorenzo; Geelhoed, Willem; Giumelli, Francesco; Palomo, Jesus; Puksas, Andrius; Radisavljevic, Ivana; Rossi, Francesco

Various forms of illicit trade, such as drug trafficking, trading in counterfeit products, wildlife trafficking, and cigarette smuggling, can have a significant impact on local communities and cause a deterioration in the living environment, undermine institutional structures, and increase violent conflicts between and within social groups. This social harm is real, albeit difficult to gauge and compensate, as traditional procedures focus on individual perpetrators and victims. This paper addresses a promising response to illicit trades, namely social reuse of confiscated assets. This entails the seizure and confiscation of immovable and movable property for the direct benefit of impacted communities. The paper discusses how social reuse of seized and confiscated assets operates within EU countries, how social harm can be assessed, and which barriers to social reuse can be identified. We find that there is much potential in the concept of social reuse of confiscated assets, which can and does already benefit impacted communities. Crucially, we recommend that central authorities are set up at the national level and that professional asset managers are equipped with sufficient means and staff to ensure the effective reallocation of confiscated assets in a way that empowers local communities and makes them more resilient to organised crimes and illicit trades.

Ustawa o obronie Ojczyzny : zmiany w prawie wprowadzone po rosyjskiej inwazji na Ukrainę

Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 2022, nr 2 (18), s. 161-179.

Artykuł przedstawia wybrane zmiany wprowadzone przez ustawę o obronie Ojczyzny. Planowane wzmocnienie polskich sił zbrojnych jest bezpośrednią odpowiedzią na zagrożenie ze strony rosyjskiej, która obecnie prowadzi wojnę z Ukrainą. Sytuacja ta stanowi bezprecedensowe zagrożenie dla polskiego bezpieczeństwa i wymaga podjęcia zdecydowanych działań. W artykule zostały omówione zmiany dotyczące: powołania nowego rodzaju sił zbrojnych, jakim są Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni, wprowadzenia możliwości odbycia dobrowolnej służby wojskowej, zniesienia wojewódzkich sztabów wojskowych (WSzW) i ich szefów oraz wojskowych komend uzupełnień (WKU) i wojskowych komendantów uzupełnień. Zwrócono również uwagę na zmiany odnoszące się do kwalifikacji wojskowej, nowego systemu rekrutacji do służby wojskowej, a także na zmodyfikowaną procedurę dotyczącą możliwości odbycia służby w wojsku obcym.

The author of the article aims to present changes in law introduced by the Homeland Defence Act. The planned reinforcement of the Polish armed forces is a direct response to the Russian threat currently providing war against Ukraine. This situation is an unprecedented threat to Polish security and requires determined action. The article describes the changes related to the appointment of a new type of armed forces such as the Cyberspace Defense Army, the introduction of the possibility of voluntary military service, the abolition of the Provincial Military Staff (WSzW) and their leaders, as well as the Provincial Recruiting Headquarters (WKU) and their military commanders. Reference was also made to the changes relating to the military qualification, the new system of recruitment for military service and the revised procedure for the possibility of service in foreign armed forces.